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Should I take omega-3 supplements? What the science and experts say
Thinking about taking omega-3 supplements? Just Vitamins explains the science, benefits, and how to choose the best one for your health goals.
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Maintaining healthy joints is a top priority for anyone looking to stay active, whether you’re an elite athlete or simply trying to keep up with daily life without aches and pains. Three of the most talked-about supplements in the joint-support category are glucosamine, chondroitin, and MSM (methylsulfonylmethane). They’re often sold in combination pills but each of these compounds works differently in the body. In this post, we’ll break down what glucosamine, chondroitin, and MSM actually are, how they support joint health, and practical tips for choosing the right one - or right combination - for you. What Is Glucosamine? Glucosamine is a naturally occurring amino sugar found in cartilage, the tough tissue that cushions joints. In supplement form, it’s most commonly derived from shellfish shells (glucosamine sulfate) or produced synthetically (glucosamine hydrochloride). How It Works: Glucosamine provides the building blocks for glycosaminoglycans - key components of cartilage. By supplementing with glucosamine, the idea is to support the repair and maintenance of joint cartilage, potentially slowing degeneration. Evidence & Uses: It has been used for relief from the symptoms of osteoarthritis, Numerous studies suggest that glucosamine sulfate may help reduce pain and improve mobility in people with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis. Dosage: Typically around 1,500mg daily.. What Is Chondroitin? Chondroitin sulfate is another major component of cartilage. It’s usually extracted from animal cartilage sources such as bovine (cow), porcine (pig), or even shark cartilage. How It Works: Chondroitin attracts water into the cartilage matrix, helping it resist compression. It may also inhibit enzymes that break down cartilage, offering a protective effect. Evidence & Uses: Like glucosamine, chondroitin has been studied extensively for osteoarthritis, with many trials showing modest reductions in pain and improvements in joint function. Some research indicates that taking glucosamine and chondroitin together may be more effective than either alone Dosage: Typically around 800mg to 1,200mg daily. What Is MSM (Methylsulfonylmethane)? MSM is an organic sulfur compound found in small amounts in fruits, vegetables, grains, and animal products. It’s known for its sulfur content, which is important for many biological processes. How It Works: Sulfur is a key element in connective tissues, including cartilage, tendons, and ligaments. MSM may support the structural integrity of these tissues and help modulate inflammation. Evidence & Uses: Clinical studies have shown MSM can reduce exercise-induced muscle soreness and joint pain, likely due to its anti-inflammatory effects. Dosage: Common doses range from 1,000mg to 3,000mg per day. Key Differences at a Glance Feature Glucosamine Chondroitin MSM Main Role Cartilage building blocks Cartilage hydration & protection Sulfur source, anti-inflammatory Common Dose 1,500 mg/day 800 - 1,200 mg/day 1,000 - 3000 mg/day Popularly Used For Cartilage repair & maintenance Cartilage cushioning & integrity Reducing pain & inflammation Synergy Works well with chondroitin Works well with glucosamine Often included in multi-ingredient formulas How to Choose or Combine them Identify Your Goals If you are looking for structural support & long-term cartilage health then lean toward glucosamine and chondroitin. If you are looking to reduce pain and inflammation perhaps consider adding MSM. Start with Quality Look for good manufacturing standards, purity of ingredients and potency. Choose shellfish-free glucosamine if you have allergies. Consider Combination Formulas Many joint supplements bundle glucosamine, chondroitin, and MSM to cover multiple mechanisms. A typical combo might be 1,500 mg glucosamine + 800 mg chondroitin + 1,500 mg MSM daily. Monitor Effectiveness Give each supplement at least 4 - 8 weeks to assess effectiveness. Track your symptoms: pain levels, stiffness, range of motion. If one ingredient isn’t delivering, try adjusting the dose (within the intake guidelines). Consult a Professional If you’re on blood thinners, have diabetes, or other chronic conditions, check with your healthcare provider before starting any new supplement. Final Thoughts Glucosamine, chondroitin, and MSM each play unique roles in supporting joint health. Glucosamine acts as a building block, chondroitin helps maintain cartilage integrity, and MSM offers valuable sulfur and anti-inflammatory benefits. For many people, a combined approach delivers the best results, addressing both the structural and symptomatic aspects of joint health. As always, prioritise quality, be patient with timelines, and consult a healthcare professional to create a regimen that’s right for your body and lifestyle. Here’s to staying active and pain-free!
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When is the best time to take multivitamins? Optimising absorption and benefits
Taking multivitamins can help support your health and wellbeing, but when should you take them? Just Vitamins explains how you can incorporate these supplements into your daily routine.
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What is BioPerine® and why is it essential for turmeric absorption?
BioPerine® works best alongside turmeric - but why? Just Vitamins explains how BioPerine works and why turmeric plays such an important role in the absorption of this supplement.
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Do joint supplements work? Separating fact from fiction
Just Vitamins examines whether joint supplements really work, their role in arthritis relief and which ingredients may be beneficial for joint health.
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What is turmeric good for? The science behind this natural supplement
Just Vitamins explores the science-backed benefits of turmeric. Learn how turmeric supports inflammation, blood pressure, weight management, and more.
Learn moreDo multivitamins actually work? The science behind daily supplements
Are multivitamins worth taking? Just Vitamins examines the science, benefits and proper usage of daily supplements for your health.
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Consider a Fish Oil Supplement for Energy and Mood
The potential benefits of fish oil supplements for increasing energy levels and improving mood have been studied extensively, primarily due to their high content of omega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Here’s a look at the evidence: Effects on Mood and Depression Clinical Trials and Meta-Analyses: Several studies suggest that omega-3 fatty acids, especially EPA, may help alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety, which are often linked to low energy. A 2019 meta-analysis published in Translational Psychiatry reviewed 26 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and found that omega-3 supplementation, particularly with a higher EPA-to-DHA ratio, significantly reduced depressive symptoms. Another 2020 review in JAMA Psychiatry analyzed data from over 10,000 participants and found that omega-3 supplementation had a small but significant antidepressant effect, especially in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). The American Psychiatric Association (APA) now recognizes omega-3s as a complementary treatment for depression. Neurotransmitter Regulation: Omega-3 fatty acids are essential for dopamine and serotonin function - two neurotransmitters that play key roles in mood regulation and motivation. Low levels of omega-3s have been linked to increased inflammation, which is associated with fatigue and depression. Effects on Energy Levels and Fatigue Chronic Fatigue a Energy Metabolism: Studies have shown that omega-3s can reduce fatigue and improve energy metabolism. A 2016 study in the Journal of Clinical Lipidology found that omega-3 supplementation improved physical and mental fatigue in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). A 2021 study in Nutrients reported that individuals with higher omega-3 levels experienced lower fatigue and better endurance during physical activities. Mitochondrial Function & Inflammation: Omega-3s enhance mitochondrial efficiency, improving energy production at the cellular level. Chronic inflammation is a major contributor to fatigue. Omega-3s have anti-inflammatory properties, reducing cytokines like IL-6 and TNF-alpha, which are linked to fatigue and low energy levels. Cognitive Function & Brain Health Memory and Concentration: Low energy is often accompanied by brain fog or difficulty concentrating. A 2022 study in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that omega-3 supplementation improved cognitive function, reaction time, and mental clarity in adults experiencing brain fog. A 2020 meta-analysis in Nutrients concluded that DHA supplementation improved attention and working memory, both of which can contribute to perceived energy levels. Stress & Sleep Improvements Cortisol Regulation: Chronic stress can deplete energy levels, and omega-3s have been shown to reduce cortisol (a stress hormone). A 2018 study in Brain, Behavior, and Immunity found that omega-3 supplementation lowered cortisol levels and stress-related fatigue. Better Sleep = More Energy: Poor sleep quality can lead to chronic fatigue. A 2014 study in the Journal of Sleep Research found that higher omega-3 levels were associated with longer and deeper sleep, leading to better energy levels during the day. Conclusion: Is Fish Oil Worth Taking for Energy and Mood? Strong evidence suggests that EPA-rich fish oil supplements can help reduce symptoms of depression, lower inflammation-related fatigue, and improve cognitive function. The effects on general energy levels are less directly studied, but the improvements in sleep, mitochondrial function, and reduced inflammation suggest a potential benefit. While not a miracle cure, fish oil supplements may help if you experience low energy due to inflammation, stress, poor sleep, or mood issues. View Product
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The benefits of supplementing with Pumpkin Seed Oil
Pumpkin seed oil is gaining attention for its potential health benefits, thanks to its rich nutrient profile, including essential fatty acids, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals. This article explores the scientific evidence supporting its benefits in various areas of health. Prostate Health and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Studies suggest that pumpkin seed oil may help reduce symptoms of BPH, a common condition in aging men that causes urinary issues. A 2014 study in Urology International found that men with BPH who took 320 mg of pumpkin seed oil daily for six months experienced significant improvements in urinary function compared to a placebo group. A 2009 study in Phytotherapy Research also reported that pumpkin seed oil improved urinary flow and reduced symptoms in men with mild-to-moderate BPH. The oil’s high content of phytosterols and zinc may contribute to hormonal balance and prostate health. Heart Health and Cholesterol Regulation Pumpkin seed oil is rich in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are beneficial for cardiovascular health. A 2015 animal study published in Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine found that PSO reduced blood pressure and improved heart function in hypertensive rats. A 2019 human study in Clinical Nutrition Research showed that consuming pumpkin seed oil led to reduced LDL ("bad") cholesterol and increased HDL ("good") cholesterol levels, lowering overall cardiovascular risk. The presence of phytosterols, tocopherols (vitamin E), and omega-6 fatty acids may help reduce inflammation and improve lipid profiles. Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties Pumpkin seed oil contains antioxidants like vitamin E, carotenoids, and polyphenols, which help neutralize oxidative stress and inflammation. A 2020 review in Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity highlighted that the antioxidant compounds in pumpkin seed oil help combat oxidative damage and chronic inflammation, which are linked to conditions like arthritis and metabolic disorders. Another study found that pumpkin seed oil supplementation helped reduce inflammation markers in patients with arthritis. The mechanism thought to be down to the oil’s high antioxidant content helping to reduce oxidative stress, which is a key contributor to chronic diseases. Hair Growth and Male Pattern Baldness Pumpkin seed oil has been studied for its effects on hair growth, particularly in men experiencing androgenic alopecia (male pattern baldness). A 2014 randomized, double-blind study in Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine found that men who took 400 mg of pumpkin seed oil daily for 24 weeks had 40% more hair growth compared to those in the placebo group. This is thought to be because pumpkin seed oil may inhibit 5-alpha reductase, the enzyme that converts testosterone into DHT (dihydrotestosterone), which is linked to hair loss. Menopause and Hormonal Balance Pumpkin seed oil may help alleviate symptoms of menopause, such as hot flashes and mood swings. A 2011 study in Climacteric: The Journal of the International Menopause Society found that menopausal women taking pumpkin seed oil experienced reduced hot flashes, improved mood, and increased HDL cholesterol levels compared to those taking a placebo. This is thought to be due to the phytoestrogens present in pumpkin seed oil and there potential ability to help balance estrogen levels and reduce menopause symptoms. Skin Health Research has shown that topical application of pumpkin seed oil helps with skin hydration, elasticity, and wound healing due to its rich content of fatty acids and vitamin E. It is the presence of Linoleic acid and vitamin E in the oil that helps maintain skin barrier function and combat oxidative stress. Gut Health and Digestive Benefits It has been traditionally used to help with digestive health and may have antimicrobial properties. Some studies suggest that pumpkin seed oil may help reduce intestinal inflammation and protect against ulcers and parasites. The thought is that it's the healthy fats and anti-inflammatory properties of the oil that support gut health and may help alleviate symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders. Conclusion: Should You Take a Pumpkin Seed Oil Supplement? While there are no approved health claims for Pumpkin Seed Oil, based on current evidence, it appears to offer multiple health benefits, particularly for: Prostate health (BPH) Heart health (cholesterol & blood pressure) Hair growth and DHT inhibition Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant support Menopause symptom relief Skin and gut health For optimal results, dosage recommendations typically range from 500 mg to 2,000 mg per day in capsule form. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement, especially if you have existing health conditions or take medications. View Product
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